Desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad. Un análisis bio-psicosocial / Human evolutionary development and longevity. A bio-psychosocial analysis

En este trabajo se hace una revisión bibliográfica sobre el desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, desde un enfoque biopsicosocial (Engel, 1977; Gliedt et al., 2017; Lehman et al., 2017). Tras aplicar el método de análisis PRISMA, se obtuvieron diversos resultados relacionados con un desarrollo evolutivo más longevo; así, en el área biológica, 3 factores: los SNPs, los telómeros y la química del estrés; en el área psicológica, 5 factores: la metacognición, la resiliencia, la espiritualidad, las relaciones personales y la depresión; y en el área social, 8 factores: la pseudo-heredabilidad, las relaciones conyugales, la maternidad, el nivel educativo, estilos de vida, dieta y restricción calórica, actividad física y mental y tecnología sanitaria. Ante los datos obtenidos en las tres áreas, de este enfoque biopsicosocial, y el repetido solapamiento entre factores del área psicológica y del área social, se plantea que pudieran considerarse estas dos como una conjunta, proponiéndose un enfoque explicativo con dos áreas: bio-psicosocial que, por factores encontrados en este trabajo, quedarían un 18,7% de biológica y un 81,3% psicosocial. Actualmente, hay suficiente información sobre desarrollo evolutivo humano y longevidad, pero una ausencia de investigaciones que estudien esos factores desde una perspectiva integrada. Mucha de esa información privilegiada se podría aplicar ya, psicológica y socialmente, a la población en general, para una mejora de su salud, en cualquier fase del desarrollo evolutivo humano.

In this work, a literature review on human evolutionary development and longevity is made from a biopsychosocial approach (Engel, 1977; Gliedt et al., 2017; Lehman et al, 2017). After applying the PRISMA analysis method, several results related to a more long-lived evolutionary development were obtained; thus, in the biological area, 3 factors: SNPs, telomeres and stress chemistry; in the psychological area, 5 factors: metacognition, resilience, spirituality, personal relationships and depression; and in the social area, 8 factors: pseudo-heritability, conjugal relations, motherhood, educational level, lifestyles, diet and caloric restriction, physical and mental activity and health technology. Given the data obtained in the three areas, of this biopsychosocial approach, and the repeated overlap between factors of the psychological area and the social area, it is proposed that both could be considered as a joint, proposing an explanatory approach with two areas: bio-psychosocial that, for factors found in this work, would be 18.7% biological and 81.3% psychosocial. Currently, there is enough information on human evolutionary development and longevity, but an absence of research that studies these factors from an integrated perspective. Much of this privileged information could be applied already, psychologically and socially, to the population in general, for an improvement of their health, at any stage of human evolutionary development.

Effect of the Metal Ion on the Enantioselectivity and Linkage Isomerization of Thiosemicarbazone Helicates.

The effect of the metal ion and ligand design on the enantioselectivity and linkage isomerization of neutral cobalt and zinc bisthiosemicarbazone metallohelicates has been investigated in this work. The electrochemical synthesis has afforded the enantioselective formation of chirally pure cobalt helicates, and the ΛΛ isomer of a single enantiomer has been crystallized as only product for the cobalt methyl-substituted thiosemicarbazone helicate. Interestingly linkage isomers have been formed from zinc ethyl-substituted thiosemicarbazone helicate enantiomers for the first time. The co-existence of these isomers has been evaluated from the point of view of both experimental results and computational calculations.

Protocolo específico para el control del dolor postamigdalectomía en los adultos intervenidos en régimen ambulatorio / Protocol for post-tonsillectomy pain control in outpatient adults

Introducción: Aunque en los últimos años se han producido notables avances en las técnicas anestésicas y quirúrgicas, la morbilidad asociada a la amigdalectomía y especialmente el dolor, sigue siendo un importante problema clínico. Objetivos: Evaluar la influencia del protocolo específico para el control del dolor postoperatorio y comparar la frecuencia de complicaciones en los pacientes con protocolo y sin él. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y prospectivo. Pacientes adultos amigdalectomizados en régimen ambulatorio. Dos grupos: grupo 1: 65 pacientes a los cuales se les entregó un tratamiento analgésico variable; grupo 2: 50 pacientes con protocolo analgésico y entrevista preoperatoria de enfermería. Para la valoración del dolor se utilizó la Escala Numérica de 0 a 10. Las técnicas quirúrgicas: disección fría o electrobisturí. Resultados: Al cuarto día, el grupo 1(sin protocolo) presentó una media de 4,8 puntos en la Escala Numérica de 0 a 10 para evaluación del dolor; el grupo 2 (con protocolo) presentó una media de 3, p=0,0002. Del grupo 1, 22 pacientes (36%) acudieron a Urgencias, del grupo 2 acudieron 8 pacientes (16%), p=0,019. Al cuarto día los pacientes intervenidos con disección fría presentaron 3,7 puntos en la Escala Numérica de 0 a 10, frente a los intervenidos con electrobisturí que presentaron 4,4 puntos. Conclusiones: Un protocolo específico en pacientes adultos intervenidos de amigdalectomía en régimen ambulatorio es útil para conseguir que los pacientes presenten menor dolor y complicaciones (AU)

Introduction: Even though notable advances in anaesthetic and surgical techniques have appeared in recent years, morbidity, and especially pain, associated with tonsillectomy is still an important clinical problem. Objectives: Assess the influence of a specific protocol for the control of postoperative pain and compare the frequency of complications in patients with and without it. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational and prospective study on adult tonsillectomy patients in outpatient surgery. There were 2 groups: group 1, with 65 patients to whom a variable analgesic treatment was given; and group 2, with 50 patients with analgesic protocol and preoperative nursing interview. For the evaluation of pain, a numerical scale from 0 to 10 was used. The surgical techniques used were cold dissection or electric dissection. Results: On the 4th day, group 1 (without protocol) presented a mean pain of 4.8 points on a numerical scale from 0 to 10, while group 2 (with protocol) presented mean of 3 (P=0.0002). From group 1, 22 patients (36%) had to go to the emergency service, while 8 (16%) in group 2 did so (P=0.019). On the 4th day, patients operated with cold dissection presented 3.7 points, as opposed to those operated with electric dissection, who presented 4.4 points. Conclusions: A specific protocol applied to adult tonsillectomy patients in outpatient surgery is useful to obtain less pain and fewer complications (AU)

Protocol for post-tonsillectomy pain control in outpatient adults.

INTRODUCTION: Even though notable advances in anaesthetic and surgical techniques have appeared in recent years, morbidity, and especially pain, associated with tonsillectomy is still an important clinical problem. OBJECTIVES: Assess the influence of a specific protocol for the control of postoperative pain and compare the frequency of complications in patients with and without it. METHODS: This was a descriptive, observational and prospective study on adult tonsillectomy patients in outpatient surgery. There were 2 groups: group 1, with 65 patients to whom a variable analgesic treatment was given; and group 2, with 50 patients with analgesic protocol and preoperative nursing interview. For the evaluation of pain, a numerical scale from 0 to 10 was used. The surgical techniques used were cold dissection or electric dissection. RESULTS: On the 4(th) day, group 1 (without protocol) presented a mean pain of 4.8 points on a numerical scale from 0 to 10, while group 2 (with protocol) presented mean of 3 (P=.0002). From group 1, 22 patients (36%) had to go to the emergency service, while 8 (16%) in group 2 did so (P=.019). On the 4(th) day, patients operated with cold dissection presented 3.7 points, as opposed to those operated with electric dissection, who presented 4.4 points. CONCLUSIONS: A specific protocol applied to adult tonsillectomy patients in outpatient surgery is useful to obtain less pain and fewer complications.